What Is a Sump Pump & Why Do You Need One?

A sump pump is a device that removes excess water from your basement or crawl space, preventing flooding and costly water damage. Installed in a pit at the lowest point of your home, it automatically pumps out water that accumulates due to heavy rains, high water tables, or foundation seepage.

Without a sump pump, standing water can lead to mold growth, structural damage, and even electrical hazards. Since water damage repair can range from $1,500 to over $10,000, a sump pump is a smart investment that helps protect your home for a fraction of that cost.

There are different types of sump pumps, including submersible, pedestal, and battery backup models, each offering varying levels of power and durability. This guide will help you understand which type is best for your home and whether you should install it yourself or hire a professional.

How Do You Know if You Need a Sump Pump?

If your basement or crawlspace feels damp or musty, or if you’ve noticed water stains, mold, mildew, or foundation cracks, you may already have a moisture problem. Without a sump pump, you could be at risk for serious flooding under the right conditions.

Common causes of water intrusion include:

• Heavy rain and severe weather
• Plumbing leaks
• Clogged gutters
• Poorly sealed doors and windows
• Foundation cracks
• Improper yard drainage

If water pools near your home’s foundation, it increases hydrostatic pressure, which can lead to cracks, basement leaks, and structural damage. Left unchecked, excess moisture can cause drywall to crumble, wood to rot, and metal to rust, not to mention dangerous mold growth and electrical hazards.

💡 The solution? A sump pump automatically removes water before it can cause serious damage, protecting your foundation, appliances, and home’s air quality.

Residential Sump Pump Types

There are three main types of sump pumps you can use for your home: submersible, pedestal, and battery backup. Let’s take a look at each type and what sets them apart.

Submersible Sump Pump

✅ Best for: Homes with frequent flooding, finished basements
🔹 How it works: Fully submerged in the sump pit, this pump removes large amounts of water quickly while staying quiet and discreet.
💰 Cost: $150 to $600 for the pump, $800 to $2,000 total with installation
⚠ Downside: Shorter lifespan (10 to 15 years), harder to maintain

Pedestal Sump Pump

✅ Best for: Budget-conscious homeowners, low-risk basements
🔹 How it works: Sits above the sump pit, making it easier to access and maintain.
💰 Cost: $100–$300 for the pump; $600 to $1,500 total with installation
⚠ Downside: Louder and less powerful than submersible pumps

Battery Backup Sump Pump

✅ Best for: Areas with frequent power outages
🔹 How it works: Kicks in if the main sump pump fails or loses power.
💰 Cost: $200–$800 for the pump; $1,000 to $3,000 with installation
⚠ Downside: Limited runtime; battery drains after several hours

💡 Expert Tip: For the best protection, pair a submersible pump with a battery backup to keep water out even during storms and power outages

How Do You Choose the Right Sump Pump?

To pick the best sump pump for your home, consider these key factors:

• Basin size: The sump pit should be at least 18 inches wide and 24 inches deep to meet most building codes.
• Horsepower: Choose a ⅓ HP pump for crawlspaces and small homes, a ½ HP pump for standard basements, or a ¾ HP pump for homes with severe flooding or deep basements.
• Power source: Plug directly into a grounded GFCI outlet. Never use an extension cord. If no outlet is available, install one or use a battery-powered or water-powered backup.
• Pump material: Plastic pumps are cheaper but wear out faster. Cast iron pumps last longer and handle debris better.
• Noise levels: Submersible pumps run quieter than pedestal models, making them a better choice for finished basements.
• Maintenance needs: Pedestal pumps are easier to maintain, while submersible pumps require more effort to clean.

💡 Today’s Homeowner Tip: Check your local building codes. Some areas require a permit if you’re digging a sump pit or adding an electrical outlet.

How Do You Install a Sump Pump in Your Home?

Installing a sump pump is a manageable DIY project if you already have a sump pit. However, if you need to dig a basin or install drainage pipes, you may want to hire a professional.

What You’ll Need

✔ Sump pump and basin
✔ Check valve (prevents backflow)
✔ 1.5-inch PVC pipes and fittings
✔ PVC primer and cement
✔ Paver stone (for a stable base)
✔ Shovel and demolition hammer (if creating a sump pit)
✔ Hammer drill with a 2-inch core bit (for discharge pipe)
✔ Gloves and eye protection

Step by Step Installation

1. Remove the Old Sump Pump

1. Remove the Old Sump Pump (If Applicable)

• Turn off power at the breaker and unplug the pump.
• Disconnect the discharge pipe and lift the old pump out of the basin.

2. Create or Prep the Sump Pit

• If a pit already exists, clear out debris and check that it meets the 18-inch wide, 24-inch deep standard.
• If installing a new pit:
  • Find the lowest point in the basement where water collects.
  • Trace the basin outline and dig to the required depth.
  • Place the sump basin inside and ensure a snug fit.

3. Install the Discharge Pipe

• Find a drainage point at least 10 to 20 feet from the foundation.
• Drill a hole in the foundation for the discharge pipe.
• Run PVC piping through the hole and secure it with sealant.
• Attach the check valve to prevent water from flowing back into the pit.

4. Place and Connect the Sump Pump

• Put a paver stone at the bottom of the basin to stabilize the pump.
• Set the sump pump in place, ensuring the float switch moves freely.
• Connect the discharge pipe to the pump using a threaded adapter and PVC cement.
• Drill a 3/16-inch weep hole in the pipe (2 inches above the pump) to prevent air locks.

5. Test the System

• Plug in the pump and restore power.
• Slowly pour water into the pit. The pump should turn on automatically and begin removing water.
• Check for leaks in the discharge pipe and confirm the check valve closes properly.

💡 Today’s Homeowner Tip: Don’t wait until storm season to install your sump pump! If the ground is saturated, the pit will keep filling with water, making installation harder.

How Do You Maintain and Troubleshoot Your Sump Pump?

Regular maintenance keeps your sump pump running efficiently and helps prevent unexpected failures. Follow this simple quarterly maintenance checklist to extend your pump’s lifespan and avoid costly repairs.

Quarterly Sump Pump Maintenance

✔ Inspect the sump pump, basin, and discharge pipe for debris or damage.
✔ Test the float switch by pouring in a bucket of water. The pump should activate immediately.
✔ Check the check valve. It should open when pumping and close when the pump shuts off.
✔ Clean the pump’s intake screen to prevent clogs.
✔ Ensure the backup battery (if installed) is fully charged.

Annual Deep Cleaning

Once a year, unplug the pump, remove it from the basin, and clean out sediment buildup. Inspect for signs of wear, especially on the impeller and float switch.

💡 Pro Tip: Before storm season, check for clogs or freezing risks in the discharge line. If your pump drains outside, extend the pipe or add a drain guard to prevent ice buildup.

Troubleshooting Common Sump Pump Issues

Pump Won’t Turn On?

🔹 Check the power supply. Ensure it’s plugged into a GFCI outlet and the breaker isn’t tripped.
🔹 Manually lift the float switch. If the pump doesn’t activate, the switch may be stuck or broken.
🔹 Inspect for clogs. Debris in the intake screen or check valve can block water flow.

Pump Runs Constantly?

🔹 Check the float switch. It may be stuck in the “on” position.
🔹 Look for excess water. A high water table may cause the pump to run more frequently.
🔹 Ensure the check valve is closing. A faulty valve can cause water to drain back into the pit.

Pump Runs But Doesn’t Remove Water?

🔹 Clear any blockages in the discharge pipe.
🔹 Check for a jammed impeller, which moves water and can clog with debris.

Loud Noises or Grinding Sounds?

🔹 Worn bearings or a failing motor may be the issue. You may have to replace one or the other.

💡 Warning Sign: If your pump is more than 10 years old and showing signs of failure, it’s time for a replacement before disaster strikes.